Successful land auction buyers understand that strong pre-auction preparation is essential to buying land at auction. In this article, we’ll review keys such as pre-sale due diligence, bidding strategy, financing, auction communication and the process for closing on the purchase after the auction.

 

Auction Due Diligence

Because land offered at auction is sold ‘as-is’, it’s vital that you fully understand what you’re bidding on. Ensure that what you think you are bidding on matches what they’re selling by reviewing the documentation physically inspecting every parcel.

Review the auction terms and conditions. Most will include an ‘as is’ or ‘as is, where is’ clause. These are real estate term used to communicate that the property being sold is not subject to financing, inspections or any other contingencies – the property will be sold in its current condition (regardless of what the condition may be), and the seller won’t be making any repairs, updates, or remediation before closing.

Never assume. Land that’s been in one family for generations may have been split and parceled multiple times over the years. Often, current landowners are surprised to find that what they think they own is very different from what they actually own. It’s not uncommon for fence lines, legal descriptions, and actual survey boundaries to be different.

Confirm acreage amounts. Reputable auctioneers will provide documentation of how the acreage is determined – survey or legal description – in the sale documents. It’s vital that you know exactly what you’re bidding on. If you don’t see it, contact the auctioneer and request that information.

Know the asset. Online records and GIS mapping help you better understand the property beyond your visual inspection. County assessor’s website will show you the current assessed value, classification, zoning, water lines and tax records. GIS mapping systems such as Land ID, can give you a deep understanding of how the land flow and topography, multiple aerial imagery, approximate land boundaries, designated land use, aquifers, wetlands, FEMA zones, soil maps, city and county lines, school district boundaries, utility easements, transmission lines, conservation easements, oil well locations, railroads, opportunity zones, and more.

Avoid surprises. Buying ‘as is, where is’ also means that any non-real estate sitting on the land on sale day transfers with the land unless previously disclosed as part of the terms and conditions. That means that you could be responsible for removing any abandoned equipment, junk or other items sitting on the land. Review the auction terms and conditions to avoid unexpected hassles and expenses.

Without proper due diligence, you could end up paying for land without acquiring it, paying property taxes on land that you don’t own, or failing to leverage acreage you never knew you owned.

 

How to Value Land

The comparable sales approach to valuation works well for residential homes but this method falls short in determining the value of assets like land. Land is typically offered for sale at auction because the auction method delivers true market value for the seller. There’s no guessing at a listing price. No fear of setting the asking price too high or too low.

Every piece of land is unique. Savvy buyers know that they must determine the value of the land for them – rather than presume the value is universally accepted. Start by identifying your short and long-term goals land ownership goals. This will help you determine the type of land you need and shape your valuation. Consider the following:

• What are the best uses of the land?
• What improvements and structures are on the land?
• How does the location, condition, utility access, transportation infrastructure, market velocity, and current zoning impact potential land uses?
• Will the factors above eliminate some potential bidders? If so, how does that affect the value?
• What will you use the land for?
• What improvements and structures are needed for your uses?
• Are there multiple uses for the land and which of these can produce income?
• Are you planning to purchase the land as an investment? If so, what’s your turn-around timing?
• What is your land exit strategy?

Understand Auction Bidding

Auctions can be as unique as the piece of land you’re bidding on. They can be held in-person, online, via telephone or a combination of all three. And there are a variety of sale methods that bidders must understand to bid with confidence.

Marketing materials should clearly outline when, where and how to bid. Request help from the auction team to ensure that you understand every aspect of the process. Be sure to reach out to the auction staff well in advance of the auction because once the bidding starts, the action is fast and intense.

Reserve or No-reserve Land Auctions

Land may be sold with or without reserve. Reserve refers to the minimum bid the seller is willing to accept.

Land sold without reserve will be sold to the highest bidder or bidders. These are also referred to as an ‘Absolute Auction’ or ‘No-Reserve Auction’. It is called an ‘Absolute Auction’ because the property will absolutely sell to the highest bidder.

The sale terms and conditions should disclose if a property is offered with a reserve. The actual amount of the reserve may or may not be disclosed.

 

Land is Sold by a Variety of Auction Sale Methods

Choice Auction:

Also known as ‘Buyer’s Choice By The Acre’, this traditional sale method is used when more than one land parcel is being offered at the same auction. Bids are made on a per-acre basis. It’s a straightforward, easy to understand, and fast sales process for bidders and sellers.

Bidding starts low. Bidders compete by raising the bid against each other until a high bidder emerges. The successful high bidder then chooses which parcel or parcels they want from a grouping of similar or like-kind properties. After the high bidder selects the parcel(s) they want, those parcel(s) are removed from the available parcels and bidding commences for the remaining parcel(s).

The high bid is multiplied by the number of acres to determine the sales price.  For example, if the high bid is $4,200 on a 100-acre parcel of land, the sales price is $420,000.

Multi-Par Auction:

This auction method establishes a price for each tract before the auctioneer starts the bidding. Bidders identify what parcel or parcels they want to purchase. Then large multi-parcel bidders compete with small individual parcel buyers. This process often takes several hours. Bidding ends once no new bid raises have been placed within a specified time frame. The property is sold to the tract combination(s) that produce the highest total sale price.

Dutch Auction:

Rarely used in land auctions, this is a sales method in which the price on an item is lowered until it gets a bid. The first bid made is the winning bid and results in a sale, assuming that the price is above the reserve price. This is in contrast to typical auctions, where the price increases with each bid placed.

Sealed Bid Auction:

This method involves setting a date that all offers must be submitted by. This period is typically less than 60-days. Sellers receive multiple offers that they can analyze and respond to resulting in the potential for post-offer negotiations.

 

Land Auction Bidding Strategy

Auction creates true market value – the property is sold for exactly what people are willing to pay for it. But, not every property is worth the price it’s bid up to. The energy and competitive energy that auctions generate can lead to impulsive decisions.

Bid Limit:

Set a firm budget and stick to it. If the bidding surpasses your bid limit, walk away. Avoid letting the excitement of the auction sway your judgment.

Bid Psychology:

It’s the auctioneers job to create competitive energy. Great auctioneers do more than manage the process; they work the crowd into a frenzy of competitive energy. Accordingly, savvy bidders are able to use that intensity to their favor.

Bid with Confidence:

If nobody else bids when the opening bid is announced, take the initiative and offer the minimum bid. Be patient. Wait for the competition to show themselves. When you do bid, be forceful with your voice and body language to announce that you mean business.

Bid Ruthlessly:

Once bidding starts, stay quiet. Gain a feel for the other bidder’s intensity and watch for others surveying the competition too. Entering your own bids will only increase the competition and may drive the price up.

Wait until you feel the competition is cooling off and only one bidder remains. Let the auctioneer say, “going once, going twice” before announcing your bid. Then forcefully announce your bid and, make the raise increment substantially higher than the last bid. This technique can demoralize or take your opponent by surprise and immediately end the bidding process.

Bid Unpredictably:

Avoid bidding in consistent, round numbers. It’s a small detail that wins more auctions. Always raising your bid in the same increment and stopping or hesitating your bid at a round number reveals your true intentions to your competitors.

Keep bids low by eroding their confidence. Raise your bid by different amounts each time. Mix up your bid increments so that your opponents can’t figure out your bid limit. Think about it, if you raise the bid by $1,000, then $500, then $100, and then $50, your opponents will bid more confidently knowing that your bid limit is near.

People love round numbers. Avoid that trap. Know your maximum, but don’t make it predictable. For example, if you decide that the property is worth $200,000, set your budget at $200,250 rather than a figure that is an even thousand. When a bidder stops bidding at a round number it’s a good indication that they’ve reached their limit.

 

Be Prepared on Auction Day

After performing your due diligence, evaluating the land, setting your budget and honing your bid strategy, you’re almost ready to place your auction bids.

Confident auction communication is your next critical element and that begins by understanding the auction process.

Plan to arrive early on sale day and register as soon as you arrive. Introduce yourself to the auction staff and ask questions. This signals that you’re a serious buyer and will result in you being able to gain the auctioneer or ringman’s attention when you need to.

You’ll likely receive a ‘sale-day information packet’ when you register. Carefully review it. This is where you’ll find last-minute changes or new property information. The auctioneer will likely read this information verbally into the record before the auction, then ask the crowd if there are any questions. Don’t be shy. Ask questions and clarify any discrepancies. Ensure that you know what you’re bidding on.

Once the auction begins, record the price per acre and total price of every parcel being sold. Typically, bidders will select the most valuable parcels first, and pay a higher price-per-acre for them. It’s common for parcels offered in the same auction to sell at very different prices per acre. Knowing which parcels are most valuable to you will help you avoid overpaying.

If you’re feeling confused during the auction, request clarification from the auctioneer. Auction companies understand that buying land is a major decision and want bidders to bid confidently. If at any time you need to ask a question, it’s absolutely okay to signal the ringman or ask the auctioneer directly. Be clear and forceful. Stand up if you need to. Be certain that your actions aren’t mistaken for a bid.

 

Closing on Your Land

Immediately after the auction, head over to the sale managers table to place your earnest funds and complete all contracts.

Once the purchase agreement is signed, be sure to note all contact info for any business partners, including accountants and attorneys, and retain your copy of the agreement.

Pay attention to the closing terms and conditions. Ag land that’s in production at the time of sale may have disclosures that allow the seller to stay in production until the crop is harvested.

For reserve auctions, the seller or seller representative will normally have up to 10 business days to confirm the sale. Closings are typically scheduled between 30 to 90 days after the auction.

 

ABOUT CJ AUCTIONS

CJ Auctions is the leader in real estate auction partnering with ranchers, landowners, trust attorney’s and investors throughout the central United States. Specializing in ranch, residential and commercial land transactions, the CJ Auctions provides comprehensive solutions and proven sales performance.